✅Gs-3 : Agriculture

✅Gs-2 : IR- Role that India can play in global south - Already discussed in detail here- Now this article is a beautiful combination of IR and agriculture- These type of multidisciplinary topics are gaining traction in UPSC mains- So This is the topic of the day - Make notes on this issue

📍Central premise : Using The G20 Summit for building environmentally sustainable and nutritious food systems- Read this idea of food systems- to address the challenges exacerbated by climate change.

📍How to do it?- Deccan High-Level Principles: Seven principles including humanitarian assistance, food safety nets, climate-resilient agriculture, and digital technology in farming.

🔰Main points to note from the article :
Read the highlights

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✅Gs2- Poverty and Hunger / Implementation of government schemes- Role of states- Need for data- This is the topic of the day

🔰Challenges India is facing

🅾️High prevalence of child malnutrition
🅾️One-third of children under five stunted and underweight; every fifth child suffers from wasting
🅾️Disparity in food insecurity, despite poverty reduction

📍Data : Global Hunger Index (GHI) 2022
⚜️India's Rank: 107/121
⚜️Behind Nigeria (103), Pakistan (99)
⚜️Metrics taken: Calorie undernourishment, child malnutrition, under-five mortality

⚠️Government Stance : Disputes GHI but lacks empirical evidence-No NSS nutritional survey since 2011-12

🔰Solution : establish a safety net for the most vulnerable and impoverished individuals in society- Click here
⚜️This begins with timely collection of data.

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✅Gs-3 : Climate change- India and climate action -This is the topic of the day

🅾️Global emissions responsibility - Developed nations: 77% emissions since 1850 and India: per capita emissions 1/3 of global average (4.8 metric tonnes)

🅾️Green development means - to balance: developmental needs & climate ambitions, get Investments: human capital, natural capital, technology , ensure Economic growth & job creation potential

🔰India's climate initiatives ( you need to use these facts to support your arguments- read from the article)

🔰Main issue : Financing gap & Paris Agreement 2015

➡️CBDR-RC principle
➡️Developed nations' pledge: $100 billion/year for developing countries
➡️Shortfall: $80.4 billion in 2019, $83.3 billion in 2020 (OECD report)
➡️Transition cost: $4-4.5 trillion/year till 2050
➡️Need for private capital & IFIs reformation

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✅Gs-3 : Pollution- E waste - Importance of E waste management -This is the topic of the day

🅾️This issue broadly comes under SDG 12 - Click here

🔰Gist of the E-waste Management in India:
📍Current Scenario: Predominantly managed by the informal sector with 90% of collection and 70% of recycling being handled informally.
📍Informal Sector: Engages in salvaging older devices for parts and profiting from repairs; hubs like Moradabad are known for extracting gold and silver from printed circuit boards (PCBs).
📍Government Initiatives: Introduction of E-Waste (Management) Rules, 2022 to digitize the process and track the movement of e-waste in the economy.
📍Increasing E-waste: Cheaper phones and data plans are leading to a rise in e-waste; a notable increase in phone damages has been reported.

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✅Gs-3 : Disaster management This is the topic of the day

🅾️India’s Situation: India, one of the most disaster-prone countries, witnessed almost daily disasters or extreme weather events in 2022, exacerbating the existing challenges.

➡️India's Initiatives and Achievements

📍 CoWIN Digital Vaccine System
📍 State Disaster Management Plans - Read this critical analysis ( my comments )
📍 Early Warning Systems : Click here
📍 Finance Commission Reforms: Click here
📍International Contributions: Coalition for Disaster Resilient Infrastructure.

⚜️Conclusion : Extreme weather events are inevitable, they do not have to translate into deadly disasters.The G-20 summit offers an opportunity to work towards a future where societies are better equipped to manage disaster risks.

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✅Gs-3 : Climate change

➡️This is an article that can come under India and climate action

🅾️Global Scenario

⚜️Current Status: As of now, the global renewable energy capacity stands at approximately 3,400 GW.
⚜️Annual Growth: The year 2022 marked the highest ever addition of 295 GW to the renewable energy capacity.
⚜️Target: To realize the 2030 goal( G20- aims for 3X the present levels), an annual addition of nearly 1,000 GW is needed.

🅾️Role of India and China

⚜️Contribution: India and China = 50% of the global capacity in last 5 yrs+ India also started International Solar Alliance

⚜️Need : To stick to the 1.5°C target, annual investment need= 5.3 trillion USD till 2050, (IRENA).

🔰So Main issue : Financing gap ( which was discussed in the previous article- make notes as per these directives- you will begin to understand how to make notes)

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✅Gs-3 : Poverty and Unemployment- Periodic Labour Force Survey (PLFS) and Employment Dynamics (2017-2022)

➡️CMIE data- Very important article

🅾️Firstly What is the PERIODIC LABOUR FORCE SURVEY(PLFS) by NSO?- Watch this video- https://youtu.be/X8i2DXkiriw

➡️Demonetization and GST (2016-2017)

⚜️Conventional explanation: Shock to the economy, especially the informal sector.

⚜️Counterargument: Increase in self-employed individuals from 52.2% (2011-12) to 55.8% (2021-22), indicating a rise in informal establishments.

➡️Unemployment Paradox : Due to higher education levels and enhanced social security measures- people need gainful employment now. This is linked more to the India's middle class which we discussed - Click here

➡️Solution :

📍1.Focus on MSMEs+ SKilling- Click here

📍2.Focus on social security Guaranteed pension scheme ( example- AP)

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